Jet Propulsion

When a jet of fluid passes in the opposite direction against the direction of motion, this motion is called jet propulsion. The momentum is conserved by the jet propulsion motion. This way, the moving body is driven in the jet’s reverse direction. The jet propulsion is a technology imitated by the jet engine from different kinds of animals. Some of the animals that use the jet propulsion technology are sea hares, fish, arthropods, and cephalopods.

Physics

The jet propulsion motion is effective the most when the body propelled is relatively big and passes through a low-viscosity medium. This motion is called the Reynolds. In biology, when the Reynolds number is higher than 6, jets are most efficient when pulsed instead of being continuous. The process that governs the physics of jet propulsion is the laws of conservation of mass, energy and momentum. It is also powered by the pressure-volume-temperature relationship of the equation of gas-state. This is how diesel cars engine works.

Jet Engine

A jet engine is powered by jet propulsion with a stronger and faster moving jet of fluid. This motion is used in accordance to the laws of motion by Newton. There are broader definitions of jet engines such as pump-jets, pulse jets, ramjets, rockets, turbofans and turbojets. There are non-combusting types of jet engines, but in general, jet engines are usually internal combustion engines.

Jet-propelled Animals

An example of an animal that uses jet propulsion technology is the cephalopods. This animal is propelled by exhaling water through its siphon that narrows to a smaller opening producing a very strong exhalent velocity. As the water passes through the cephalopod’s gills, it can breathe at the same time move. Water and air are both considered as jet of fluid in the jet propulsion technology. The sea hares or gastropod molluscs also use the jet propulsion technology to breathe and move like the cephalopods. However, the sea hare does not have a sophisticated kind of jet propulsion which is why it moves in a clumsier manner. There are also teleost fish that uses jet propulsion to move properly. Dragonfly larvae also use jet propulsion using their anus to gain speed in movement. There are also species of jellyfish that uses the jet propulsion. The salps are the most efficient jet propulsion propelled animal.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

This is a research and development center funded by the federal government of the United States. This laboratory is located in the San Gabriel Valley area, Los Angeles, county, California. This laboratory is managed by the California Institute of Technology. It focuses on constructing and operating spacecraft, for its astronomy missions. It is also used for the Deep Space Network operations of NASA. This laboratory has a twenty-foot Space Simulator and a Space Flight Operations Facility which makes it a famous National Historic Landmark.

Asteroid Vesta

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena California unveiled the first image of the asteroid Vesta which was taken on July 24, 2011. This is one of the projects of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

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